Optical frequency combs establish coherent links between optical and microwave frequencies and are a key enabling technology for aerospace applications, including high-precision space-based timing, precision ranging, deep-space exploration, and coherent optical communications. Compared with conventional mode-locked laser frequency combs, microcombs offer advantages in large-scale manufacturability, high repetition rates, multi-wavelength coherent output, and compact form factors, making them a promising platform for integrated optical frequency comb systems in future aerospace quantum metrology. Microcombs are generated through four-wave mixing in high-Q microresonators and can access highly coherent, low-noise dissipative Kerr soliton states under appropriate pump-detuning and dispersion conditions. However, their spectral bandwidth, coherence, noise characteristics, and spectral profile are jointly governed by microresonator geometry, material dispersion, nonlinear effects, pump detuning, and coupling conditions. Conventional forward-design approaches based on parameter sweeps and iterative simulations are therefore inefficient for addressing the multi-objective design requirements of complex application scenarios. We review microcomb design methods for aerospace quantum metrology. Firstly, we introduce the generation mechanisms of microcombs and the underlying dispersion and nonlinear dynamics. Then, we summarize forward-design strategies, including microresonator geometry engineering, photonic-crystal microrings, coupled-microring architectures, and neural-network-assisted analysis of soliton dynamics. Representative inverse-design strategies are subsequently discussed, including adjoint optimization, genetic-algorithm-based global search, and neural-network-based data-driven modeling, with emphasis on target-driven microcomb design. Finally, future trends are discussed from the perspectives of device design, fabrication, and space-environment compatibility.