In the field of wireless communication antiinterference, communication receivers often face scenarios with a large dynamic range of interference power and the presence of low-power communication signals. Gain control, by dynamically adjusting the gain of the receiving link amplifier to respond to changes in input signal strength, thereby ensuring the stability and quality of the output signal, is an important means to cope with the instantaneous large dynamic range of interference power. To further improve the convergence speed and stability of gain control methods in large dynamic interference scenarios, this paper constructs a cascaded system model of open-loop gain control and closed-loop variable step size gain control, and proposes a cascaded open-loop and closed-loop variable step size gain control method. An open-loop gain control based on dual-criterion optimization is designed to balance the hard constraint of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) unsaturation and the soft constraint of interference suppression. The relationship between gain compression and noise figure degradation is introduced as a regularization term into the error feedback function, combined with a variable step size mechanism. The feedback iterative equation of closed-loop variable step size gain control is derived, and performance indicators such as the stability and convergence speed of the cascaded system are quantitatively analyzed. Simulation results show that compared with the closed-loop variable step size gain control method and the cascaded open-loop and closed-loop fixed step size control method, the proposed method has a convergence speed improved by 87.5% and 66.6% respectively, lower overshoot, can reduce the noise figure to a lower level, significantly enhance the interference cancellation performance, and effectively alleviate the deterioration of communication bit error rate. Experimental results verify that the proposed method outperforms the closed-loop variable step size method under three typical interferences (pulse, multi-tone, and wideband noise), especially with a significantly reduced bit error rate by 8% to 10% under pulse interference. Low-order modulation has better robustness under strong interference, providde a reference for designing of control methods for wireless communication anti-interference systems.