Heat flux density, as a key parameter for evaluating the thermal environment in hypersonic flight tests, plays an extremely important role in assessing the performance of aircraft and ensuring flight safety. Focus on overview of the main heat flux measurement methods currently used in aerospace hypersonic tests, including contact sensors such as thin-film and coaxial thermocouples, as well as optical methods such as infrared and phosphorescence. Elaborates on the basic principles, technical features, and application practices of each method in domestic and international significant hypersonic tests. Summarizes the applicability, advantages, and limitations of different heat flux measurement techniques in complex scenarios and conditions of flight tests, point out the key engineering and technical challenges that still need to be addressed. Additionally, it analyzes the challenges faced by heat flux measurement technologies in medium and long-duration hypersonic flights and proposes suggestions for future research directions, providing a certain reference for subsequent heat flux density measurements in flight tests.