To meet the requirement of testing whether the 1553B interface function of the single machine of the on-board payload is normal, a software and hardware design scheme of a 3U PXIe peripheral module based on FPGA is proposed. The PXIe control module can configure the 1553B module through the PXIe bus and control and transmit the simulation and test data of the 1553B signal of the payload. This design fully simulates the real circuit and electrical characteristics of the 1553B interface of a certain satellite′s on-board computer, and realizes the BC and BM functions of the bus as required. Through the B-6131 bus protocol chip, two 1553B bus interface lines with the above functions are configured, which are highly consistent with the actual application scenarios. Through the operation of the on-board platform test software, one 1553B channel working in BC mode can send custom messages, and can also start a period of broadcasting, long loopback test and other semi-automated tests to achieve adaptive bus testing. All messages appearing on the 1553B bus will be captured by another bus channel working in BM mode, thereby realizing the monitoring and storage function of all bus data.