基于改进GICP点云配准的机器人有序抓取纠偏方法
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1.中国机械总院集团哈尔滨焊接研究所有限公司 哈尔滨 150028; 2.天地上海采掘装备科技有限公司 上海 201400

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TP391.7;TN.9;TP241.2

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国家重点研发计划(2025YFF1703403)项目资助


Robot based on improved GICP point cloud registrationordered grasping correction method
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1.Harbin Welding Institute Limited Company,Harbin 150028, China; 2.Tiandi Shanghai Mining Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201400, China

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    摘要:

    针对机器人在有序抓取过程中,由于料盘机械加工误差、放置定位误差和机器人绝对定位精度偏差而引起的抓取点位出现偏差的问题,提出了一种基于随机样本一致算法(RANSAC)改进广义迭代最近点(GICP)点云配准算法的四点透视纠偏方法。首先通过点云处理技术提取定位孔轮廓和初始圆心坐标,并利用改进的GICP点云配准算法提取准确圆心坐标;其次,利用透视变换矩阵在料盘上每个抓取点进行纠偏;最后,控制机器人根据纠正后的点位进行抓取。实验结果显示:在点云配准方面,提取圆心的偏差最大值区间从[1.5 mm,2.8 mm]下降至[1.2 mm,1.6 mm];在点位纠偏方面,四点透视纠偏将不同抓取点位XY方向上的最大偏差从3.1 mm降至1.1 mm。并且在满载料盘上工件抓取实验中,XY方向上最大偏差为1.0 mm。综上所述,本文提出的方法可以有效纠正工件抓取点位,提高抓取成功率和可靠性,满足实际生产需求。

    Abstract:

    A four-point perspective correction method based on random sample consensus (RANSAC) improved generalized iterative closest point (GICP) point cloud registration algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the deviation of the grasping points caused by the machining error of the tray, the positioning error and the absolute positioning accuracy deviation of the robot during the orderly grasping process. Firstly, the positioning hole contour and the initial center coordinates are extracted by point cloud processing technology, and the accurate center coordinates are extracted by the improved GICP point cloud registration algorithm. Secondly, the perspective transformation matrix is used to correct the deviation of each grasping point on the tray. Finally, the robot is controlled to grasp according to the corrected point. The experimental results show that in the point cloud registration, the maximum deviation range of the extracted center of the circle decreases from [1.5 mm, 2.8 mm] to [1.2 mm, 1.6 mm]; in the point correction, the four-point perspective correction reduces the maximum deviation in the XY direction of different grasping points from 3.1 mm to 1.1 mm. And in the workpiece grasping experiment on a fully loaded tray, the maximum deviation in the XY direction is 1.0 mm. In summary, the method proposed in this paper can effectively correct the workpiece grasping point, improve the success rate and reliability of grasping, and meet the actual production needs.

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石玮,任文博,张焱,姜石,徐常中.基于改进GICP点云配准的机器人有序抓取纠偏方法[J].电子测量技术,2026,49(12):50-57

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-09-04
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