To achieve more efficient and precise control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) in the field of electronic measurement, an active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) based on the multi-strategy improved black kite algorithm (MBKA) was proposed to address the challenges of PMSM, such as numerous nonlinear active disturbance rejection control parameters, difficult tuning, and chattering issues in traditional nonlinear functions. First, the original black kite algorithm (BKA) was enhanced by initializing the population with chaotic mapping and improving the position update process using the cross-over and mutate strategy and adaptive Cauchy-Gaussian walk. The proposed improvements demonstrated optimal performance on test functions. Subsequently, the multi-strategy improved black kite algorithm was applied to optimize the ADRC. After conducting a Sobol parameter sensitivity analysis on the ADRC, the parameters to be optimized were selected. The improved black kite algorithm achieved faster convergence of ADRC parameters and stronger capability to escape local optima. When the improved strategy was applied to PMSM motor field-oriented control (FOC), the motor current harmonics were reduced, system efficiency improved, dynamic response accelerated, and disturbance rejection performance enhanced.