To address the issues of neutral-point potential balancing, current ripple, and common-mode voltage in T-type three-level inverters, an adaptive model predictive control strategy is proposed. This strategy enhances control accuracy by tackling the problem of low precision caused by model parameter variations in conventional model predictive control applications. Through system identification and real-time updating of parameter changes, the impact of system disturbances on model predictions is reduced. MATLAB simulations were conducted to validate the proposed method; the inverter output current exhibited a total harmonic distortion of 0.75%, the maximum neutral-point voltage fluctuation was 2.6 V, and the common-mode voltage peak was 2 V. These results indicate that, compared with conventional model predictive control, the proposed approach significantly enhances the control accuracy of neutral-point potential balancing, output-current ripple and common-mode voltage in T-type three-level inverters.