In light of the reform of the traditional flight test mode, there is a proposal to construct the intelligent automation capability in the “Digital empowerment flight test”. To address the need for high-definition video recording of the target′s key motion process in the near-field runway segment flight test, a target positioning and tracking method based on the ground-based PTZ. This method calculates the relative azimuth information of the target in real time using the GPS/Beidou differential calculation model. Based on this information, the PTZ is guided to rotate and adjust the focal length of the high-definition camera, enabling automatic capture of the target′s field of view. Real-time detection and recognition of the target are then carried out using the YOLOv5s object detection algorithm, which has been improved with global attention mechanism, Dynamic head, and Wise IoU. By incorporating techniques such as median flow, Kalman filtering, and IoU threshold detection, long-term real-time tracking of the target is achieved. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a mean average precision of 76.3% for all categories, with a processing frame rate of 20 fps. This performance effectively supports the requirements of practical flight test engineering applications.