In order to research the time-frequency characteristics and energy distribution of explosion vibration signals, a HHT based feature extraction method of explosion vibration signal was constructed in this paper. And we used the method to analyze the vibration velocity signals of a certain explosion experiment. The results showed that denoising the high-frequency IMF components after EMD decomposition using wavelet threshold method could effectively remove high-frequency noise from the signal and improve the accuracy of Hilbert spectrum analysis. Through comparative analysis of the Hilbert time-frequency spectrum, marginal spectrum and instantaneous energy spectrum of the signals at each measuring point, the instantaneous relationships among time-frequency-energy and variation pattern with explosion center distance were obtained. Within a range of 80 meters from the explosion center, the vibration signal energy is mainly distributed in the 0~250 ms time range and 0~150 Hz frequency range. With the increase of distance from explosion center, the starting time, peak speed time and energy concentration period of the signals at each measuring point was gradually delayed. In addition, the amplitude of vibration, instantaneous energy and high-frequency components in the signals were gradually decayed.