Aiming at the high-efficiency, high-resolution and non-contact measurement requirements for impurities, holes, cracks and imperfections in industrial production processes such as additive printing, aeroengine blades and complex components, a wideband laser ultrasonic signal modal separation method is proposed. Through the effective combination of array signal time-domain average denoising method, improved empirical mode decomposition algorithm, wavelet denoising method for wideband signal multi feature analysis, and variational mode decomposition algorithm, the denoising, feature enhancement and modal separation of laser ultrasonic signals are achieved. Traditional ultrasound B-scan, C-scan imaging, and synthetic aperture focusing imaging algorithms are used to achieve high-precision two-dimensional imaging of defects is achieved. Based on forming a three-dimensional matrix through spatiotemporal dynamic scanning, three-dimensional quantitative display of defects is achieved. Two sets of laser ultrasonic defect measurement systems with high precision scanning type for five-axis machine tools and free scanning type for robot arms are developed. High-precision ultrasonic array sensors based on optical interference and electromagnetic ultrasonic sensor are designed. Four preset defect simulation test blocks are designed, including flat bottom holes, transverse through holes, surface cracks, and internal cracks, for preliminary verification. The actual blade and turbine disk defect detection results show that the system can effectively detect defects with a size of 0.1 mm, with a defect size error of less than 10% and a position error of less than 0.3 mm. The maturity of the developed laser ultrasonic detection system has reached level 6, and it has further promotion and application value in fields such as aerospace, navigation, nuclear power, rail transportation, pressure vessels and pipelines, toxic gas containers and pipelines, etc.