基于七次B样条曲线的输电线巡检机器人无碰抓线轨迹规划
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湖北工业大学机械工程学院 武汉 430068

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TP241;TN911

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国家自然科学基金(52075152)、国家自然科学基金(51907055)项目资助


Collision-free trajectory planning for power line inspection robots based on seventh-degree B-spline curves
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School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068, China

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    摘要:

    针对越障时机器人各关节频繁启停引起机械臂运动不平稳、易与线路金具发生碰撞的问题,本文提出融合七次非均匀B样条曲线的无碰撞抓线越障轨迹规划方法。首先,建立机器人越障模型,描述其行走轮组件位姿与关节空间坐标间的映射关系,结合越障原理求取其关节空间的无碰撞区域,制定无碰撞中间路径点选取原则;其次,采用七次非均匀B样条曲线拟合中间路径点,构造高阶连续、边界可控的无碰撞越障轨迹;最后,利用Adams/Matlab软件联合仿真,结合NSGA-II求取机械臂末端时间与冲击最优越障轨迹。结果表明,越障抓线过程中机器人能避免与线路金具发生碰撞,且各关节的加速度与急动度变化曲线没有尖点和突变,相对于直线多项式曲线混合轨迹插值方法,其伸缩关节加速度、急动度与轨迹平均急动度分别减少了18.1%、83.01%与78.32%,机器人运动更为平稳,提升了其越障过程的安全性。

    Abstract:

    To address the issues of unstable motion of the robotic manipulator and frequent collisions with line fittings caused by frequent start-stop actions of the joints during obstacle negotiation,this paper proposes a collision-free line grasping trajectory planning method based on blended seventh-order non-uniform B-spline curves. First, an obstacle negotiation model for the robot is established, describing the mapping relationship between the pose of the walking wheel assembly and the joint space coordinates. The collision-free regions in the joint space are determined based on the principles of obstacle negotiation, and selection rules for collisionfree intermediate path points are developed. Second, seventh-order non-uniform B-spline curves are employed to fit the intermediate path points, constructing a collision-free trajectory with high-order continuity and controllable boundaries. Finally, co-simulation using Adams and Matlab, combined with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II) algorithm, is performed to optimize the manipulator′s end-effector time and impact for the obstacle negotiation trajectory. The results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively avoids collisions with line fittings during obstacle negotiation and line grasping. Additionally, the acceleration and jerk variation curves of all joints are smooth without sharp peaks or abrupt changes. Compared to the linear-polynomial trajectory interpolation method, the proposed approach reduces the acceleration, jerk, and average jerk of the telescopic joint by 18.1%, 83.01%, and 78.32%, respectively, resulting in smoother robot motion and enhanced safety during obstacle negotiation.

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杨智勇,徐博,熊宇宏,邓烈磊,杨盛泽.基于七次B样条曲线的输电线巡检机器人无碰抓线轨迹规划[J].电子测量技术,2025,48(18):73-81

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