For the problem that the speed measurement error of high-speed laser Doppler velocity measurement system cannot be effectively calibrated, this paper establishes a calibration scheme for the indicated value error based on the echo simulation method, in which the optical frequency modulation and optical wavelength modulation simulate the optical echo that carries the target information in the speed measurement process of the system, and then indirectly simulate the reference speed, so as to realize the calibration of the indicated value error of laser Doppler velocimetry system. Based on the self-developed calibration device, a calibration experiment is built, and a laser Doppler velocimeter with an upper speed limit of up to 10 km/s is used as the calibration object to carry out the calibration experiment of the display value error. By analyzing the experimental results, it can be seen that the echo simulation calibration scheme based on optical frequency modulation and wavelength adjustment can realize the calibration of speed measurement error of the speedometer in a wide speed domain, and the measurement accuracy analysis shows that the calibration uncertainty of the optical frequency modulation method is U=0.26% (k=2), and the calibration uncertainty of the wavelength adjustment method is U=1.5% (k=2). This index meets the calibration demand of laser Doppler velocimeter indicating value error, and provides a method reference for the calibration of laser Doppler velocimeter indicating value error.