一种多要素模块化自动气象站设计
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1.南通理工学院电气与能源工程学院 南通 226001;2.南京信息工程大学电子与信息工程学院 南京 210044

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TN710

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南通理工学院科技创新与服务地方团队项目(KCTD008)资助


Design of a multi-element modular automated weather station
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1.School of Electrical and Energy Engineering, Nantong Institute of Technology,Nantong 226001, China;2.School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044, China

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    摘要:

    随着气象观测向社会化和智能化发展,现有的地面自动气象站由于其分体式设计、较大体积、高功耗和成本,已不能满足新的需求。本文设计了一种多要素模块化自动气象站,通过模块化组合和数字传感器技术,灵活地观测温湿度、气压、PM2.5、风速和风向等气象要素。针对超声波测风仪受环境干扰的严重问题,本文采用了多路负反馈电路设计的带通滤波器,不仅缩小了超声波信号调理电路的规模,而且提高了超声波脉冲信号的质量。此外,引入因子,调节自适应滤波算法滑动窗口的大小,降低环境对信号的干扰。实验结果显示,在所设计自动气象站的设计中所使用的数字传感器能够满足观测要求,测风模块其测风的最大误差为14.8%,测角的最大误差为11.78%。

    Abstract:

    As meteorological observations evolve towards socialization and intelligence, the existing ground-based automatic weather stations can no longer meet the new demands due to their split design, large volume, high power consumption, and cost. This paper designs a multi-element modular automatic weather station. This weather station uses modular composition and digital sensor technology to flexibly observe meteorological elements such as temperature and humidity, air pressure, particulate matter 2.5, wind speed, and wind direction. This paper employs a band-pass filter designed with multi-channel negative feedback circuits to address the severe environmental interference affecting ultrasonic anemometers. This approach reduces the scale of the ultrasonic signal conditioning circuit and improves the quality of the ultrasonic pulse signals. Moreover, an adaptive filter algorithm with a sliding window size adjustment factor is introduced to reduce signal environmental interference. The experimental results show that the digital sensors used in the designed automatic weather station meet the observation requirements. Specifically, the wind measurement module has a maximum wind speed error of 14.8% and a maximum wind direction error of 11.78%. These figures indicate that the new weather station achieves high accuracy in wind measurements and demonstrates stable performance.

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行鸿彦,李浩琪.一种多要素模块化自动气象站设计[J].电子测量技术,2025,48(9):129-139

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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-05-23
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