In order to improve the control performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor, a fuzzy backstepping control strategy of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on differential evolution algorithm was proposed to solve the problems of large overshoot and poor anti-interference performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor when changing speed under fuzzy PID control. Firstly, the fuzzy control strategy is combined with the backstepping control theory to adjust the structural parameters of the speed loop and the current loop. Then, on this basis, the differential evolution algorithm is used to optimize the structural parameters in the fuzzy controller. Finally, the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that the speed drop of the motor is reduced by 1.78% under the proposed control strategy. Under no-load conditions, the overshoot of speed is reduced by 22.9% when the speed is lowered and 3.5% when the speed is raised, which improves the anti-interference ability of the system.