In order to realize the high-resolution imaging of the optical synthetic aperture imaging system, the phase misalignment error between the sub-apertures must be corrected. Using monochromatic light illumination, establish a dual-aperture imaging system model, analyze the influence of translation error and tilt error in the phase misalignment error on the optical system, use the integral value of the system modulation transfer function as the evaluation function, and use the simulated annealing algorithm to perform online phase misalignment error Calibration simulation, system performance evaluation of the optical system after calibration. The simulation results show that given a specific phase misalignment error, the simulated annealing algorithm can correct the phase misalignment error of the optical system well. Due to the randomness of the algorithm, 50 sets of random errors are used for calibration simulation. The results show that the integrated value indicators of the modulation transfer function of the corrected system can all converge, the corrected Strehl ratio is greater than 0.8, and the peak-to-valley value of the wave front is less than 0.57λ, The mean square error of the wavefront is less than 0.10λ.