In this paper, a quality control method of acquisition instrument is proposed to solve the problem of long cable and multi-channel of large-scale deep-water seismic streamer, including indoor system operation quality control method and underwater streamer data acquisition quality control method, which is realized by active and passive modes. In the active mode, analog or digital excitation signals can be generated on demand and sent to the acquisition instrument to evaluate the key performance parameters of the instrument; in the passive mode, various state parameters in the operation process of the instrument can be collected in real time to realize the real-time evaluation of the operation quality of the instrument. Based on the complete quality control method independent of acquisition instrument, the quality of acquisition instrument can be effectively controlled, the quality of data acquisition can be guaranteed, and the risk of exploration operation can be greatly reduced. The results of long-term laboratory test and marine operation show that the method is correct and realizable.