There are only cracks and depressions characters on the road surface can be detected by the traditional road detection methods. In order to detect the internal conditions of the road, the self-powered wireless sensor network is used to collect the internal temperature and humidity data of the road. The wireless sensor module is protected by epoxy resin and buried in the road, and the road load energy is collected by the self-powered module and used to power the wireless sensor node. The sensor begins to be used to collect data that be transmitted to an external data processing center via the wireless sensor network while enough energy had been collected. The experimental results show that after four months of data collection, the wireless sensing system embedded in the asphalt road can be applied to transmit data for a long time, therefore, the current road structure health status also can be analyzed through the collected road temperature and humidity data.